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proc
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2470164
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systemtap
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Current File: //proc/2470164/root/usr/share/systemtap/examples/metadatabase.db
SQLite format 3 @ %� � %� .c � � �5� �tt �E++�Atablemetavirt_segdirmetavirt_segdirCREATE TABLE 'metavirt_segdir'(level INTEGER,idx INTEGER,start_block INTEGER,leaves_end_block INTEGER,end_block INTEGER,root BLOB,PRIMARY KEY(level, idx))=Q+ indexsqlite_autoindex_metavirt_segdir_1metavirt_segdirg x//� tablemetavirt_segmentsmetavirt_segmentsCREATE TABLE 'metavirt_segments'(blockid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, block BLOB)�%--�}tablemetavirt_contentmetavirt_contentCREATE TABLE 'metavirt_content'(docid INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, 'c0title', 'c1name', 'c2keywords', 'c3description', 'c4path')� �ctablemetavirtmetavirtCREATE VIRTUAL TABLE metavirt USING fts3(title text, name text, keywords text, description text, path text) � j j �I {7�sLog the kernel collapsing normal pages into a huge pagehugepage_collapse.stpmemoryThe kernel may attempt to group many normal sized pages into a single huge page to improve TLB performance. This operation may take a significant amount of time and affect program performance. You can identify if huge page collapse operations are occurring with the systemtap hugepage_collapse.stp script.memory �� x G''yTracing of PHP code executionphp-trace.stptrace dyninstTrace of executing PHP code using the enabled markers.apps�p =17�WTrace libguestfs startuplibguestfs_log.stpapplication trace bpfThe libguestfs_log.stp script prints a log of when various libgueststartup steps are encountered. The first column is microseconds since the script started. The second column is the time elapsed in microseconds between the previous and current events and the third column is the event name.apps� M/�Tracing glib2 memory allocationsgmalloc_watch.stptraceThe gmalloc_watch.stp script from Colin Walters' blog (https://blog.verbum.org/2011/03/19/analyzing-memory-use-with-systemtap/) traces the allocation of glib2 memory using the markers in glib2.apps � � = ; : 9 8 7 " ~ a / 1 � 2 , r i � � e � t & � f � � � X � A f � � � A H J & t h � @ � � d � � � A I @ h O � t � � H $ & � � $ \ � � � H t � � t � W � � � � \ $ � H + | � � z � \ 0 W � \ ( � L z � s � | � s � U ( � z L _ � � � _ � � L � z T � ` ( T ' ` � T � z � L � z j ! � T R � ` � � � ( ) ) � � ` c � R y T m 0 � � < N` J�������������������������~ytoje`[VQLGB=83.)$ ���������������������~xrlf` X�@ A�? ��= 4�6 ��0 ��* H�( �% h�$ ��# d�" ��! P� Y� �� I� O� �� $� �� 5� � \� �� �� *� � W| �y �w �t +r �q >o |m zj 0g e �b _ (] LZ sV T R �P O UL �J I _H �G qD �@ �> �< T: `9 '5 �1 / �. , �* & u" � j ! 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F#(40 5146#dropp limits pag stp w/ H "34 5775 collapsi inc nu sen thi* >26 5131dev io of slowv tw- D20 4801devi interrupts ot stp/ J 15 5968 con g mon recv the whyt$ 86 5291comp gn n si ty ( ( �U �. 0K 3 1Q 9 2U 011 3X 41. aC - 7 , ccumulates ! tually lias location s so mount $!- # nalyzede ing d7& [ $ % erson s i pplication s re j gument ranges s t # tribues tes vailable+ 2 erage / $ oid bad name sic ed ! ing! st tween# log old pf yA : + call8 ed 4 graph s nc lick ock se" ode Y lin lect or s 2 umn mbinations mand L C C �:/ q#%�[List Executables Reading and Writing the Most Dataiostats.stpio profiling The iostat.stp script measures the amount of data successfully read and written by all the executables on the system. The output is sorted from most greatest sum of bytes read and written by an executable to the least. The output contains the count of operations (opens, reads, and writes), the totals and averages for the number of bytes read and written.io � i � �WT a+#�Summarize Process Misses across NUMA Nodesnuma_faults.stpmemory numaThe numa_faults.stp script tracks the read and write pages faults for each process. When the script exits it prints out the total read and write pages faults for each process. The script also provide a break down of page faults per node for each process. This script is useful for determining whether the program has good locality (page faults limited to a single node) on a NUMA computer.memory�S c+!�Track Virtual Memory System Writing to Diskmmwriteback.stpmemory bpfThe mmwriteback.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints available in some kernels to report all of the file writebacks that occur form kupdate, pdflush and kjournald while the script is running. It's useful in determining where writes are coming from on a supposedly idle system that is experiencing unexpected IO.memory 2 2 �K � 10,$ 0" 00,H 3! 5& a3! ' - ccess0R umulate+ d0s s0 io+ ll - owed,< mount, n( * $ dM! re* gument. ttempted0Y ribute* s* verage, s -@ 7 backtrace # ! s ! sis" e,+ gin0> havior% tween.$ lks. ock, oth0< reakdown. y " tes-"% (6 c' all # n,* pture $ se,? s,( use# s# ing# hanged* s* lock0 se0 d00 ommand,M on+ pletion, utes, ndition( sole( tains -1 + unt -7 - data - ecryption$ fault,8 scending#, riptor' v" � ? � �h_ cAA�System-Wide Count of Network Packets by IPsnetfilter_summary_json.stp_best network traffic jsonThe script watches all IPv4 network traffic on the system. The data is output in JSON format and includes the number of packets sent along source IP address / destination IP address pair encountered, and the total number of bytes sent among the pair.network�>^ c77�ASystem-Wide Count of Network Packets by IPsnetfilter_summary.stp_best network trafficThe script watches all IPv4 network traffic on the system. On exit the script prints a list showing the number of packets sent along source IP address / destination IP address pair encountered, and the total number of bytes sent among the pair. The list is ordered from greatest to least number of packets seen among the source/destination pairs.network � �qO ?1=�MLog recent free(3) calls.last_100_frees.stpmemory process backtraceThis script reports on the last few free(3) libc calls done by processes (possibly restricted by stap -x/-c), along with a userspace backtrace at those moments.memory�>N [#�}Show Paths to Kernel Malloc Invocationskmalloc-topmemoryThe kmalloc-top perl program runs a small systemtap script to collect stack traces for each call to the kmalloc function and counts the time that each stack trace is observed. When kmalloc-top exits it prints out sorted list. The output can be filtered to print only the first N stack traces (-t), stack traces with a minimum counts (-m), or exclude certain stack traces (-e).memory�7M k-/�?Watch a Kernel Symbol Using Breakpoint Hardwarehw_watch_sym.stpmemory watchpointThe script will watch accesses to the starting address of a single kernel symbol and prints a traceback each time the symbol is accessed. This script needs to be run as root to allow access to the breakpoint hardware.memory � � �a) �F 0p5 1p7 0k 27p4 4m 53p- 65536e6 a1a [�w( �r wasQ2 " tchX es ^ henQ everY re S' K therT7 ileQ/ ide ] llV th ]' rite T 5 backsS s Q ( ingS xmit[ � � � �, i'�'Average Time Block IO Requests Spend in Queue ioblktime.stpioThe ioblktime.stp script tracks the amount of time that each block IO requests spend waiting for completion. The script computes the average waiting time for block IO per device and prints list every 10 seconds. In some cases there can be too many outstanding block IO operations and the script may exceed the default number of MAXMAPENTRIES allowed. In this case the allowed number can be increased with "-DMAXMAPENTRIES=10000" option on the stap command line.io�+ o'%�Tally Reschedule Reason During AIO io_submit Callio_submit.stpio backtraceWhen a reschedule occurs during an AIO io_submit call, accumulate the traceback in a histogram. When the script exits prints out a sorted list from most common to least common backtrace.io � � ��% o/W�9 Provide a per-process syscall tally on the systemsyscallsbypid.stpprometheus process syscall tracepointThe syscallsbypid.stp script tallies each syscall for each running process. This information can be useful to determine the activity of various processes on the system. The script makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable format. When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the prometheus output. To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries. This can lead to some active process syscall counts disappearing and/or later reappearing with a lower value. Also note that the script does not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit machines.profiling ! ! �\# �< 0]. a9QC - & ( boutV ccessU2 rossT tionsQ vity R ddressU* llS ocatedQ- ion V sV ong ^ soT$ mong ^) * unt` nY cestryY d9Q 2 " reQ' ) O sX tZ temptsY utofs4 X vailableQ backedQ e UG % causeW st ^ tween[ pf Q reakT' uffersZ y ^ tesV ' ( can UF $ ollectV sV mingS* mand` pletedU# uterTG nfiguration\ nectY ionY sY sumptionV* tainsU pyQ rrelateV& unt^ sQ& data _ ebugging Q; stination ^ termineUJ ing S& 6 vices\ iskS ownT( rop]# |� � � & O#�QSummarize Disk Read/Write Trafficdisktop.stpdiskGet the status of reading/writing disk every 5 seconds, output top ten entries during that period.io�r% c+�aHistograms of Seek Behavior for Each Devicedeviceseeks.stpdiskThe deviceseeks.stp script generates a periodic histogram showing the frequency of different sized seeks (in sectors) on each device, or optional given device-name regexpio�J$ �I'�=Capture SSL/TLS master secrets from gnutls and openssl userscapture_ssl_master_secrets.stpio monitoringCapture SSL/TLS master secrets from gnutls and openssl users for easy traffic decryptionio�# i3�] Tally Backtraces for Inter-Processor Interruptscf.stpinterrupt backtraceThe Linux kernel function smp_call_function causes expensive inter-processor interrupts (IPIs). The scf.stp script tallies the processes and backtraces causing the interprocessor interrupts to identify the cause of the expensive IPI. On exit the script prints the tallies in descending frequency.interrupt k% top& plays! maxmapentries,G ummy' ring & each%" rly( sy$ tmydata' nospc( tries& very & # xceed,6 ecutable) + % I s - it#% s+ pensive# faster' ile' s0 ystem( rst0N or,# 0 8 ,& requency #- om$ sync' unction# general! tes% t& iven% nutls$ reatest - uru' histogram % s% id ) entified' y# mplementations( n #+ & % + creased,E dications( ode ) watch) 2* ter# nal( processor# rupt" ) ) �T@ �, linux� st1�. ! s� onger� manipulate� ximum � . y �] ) easure� ssage�( icroseconds� ode�E ule�1 t & s�/ | = 8 $ nitor � # ing�; s � ot� re�8 B - st� - * name�! ? r s � ? eed�^ s �6 1 w� on� t �; * p�) tl� umber�Y erical�H observed�% ccur� fI� '- /!! ! ! n;� 3 /- O e � pen�% rations�8 tion�e } > 9 ally� G @ s�R r� P ut � put�B h . R ver�" ride� s� parentheses�# th �3 ( er � ! ! �\V �< only3� peration�' r�#D" ut�. page�! rameter�x ingpong� rints�- ocessor� s�g gressively� reason� s� ference3� lecting� unning�b script�%3 ecurityy� rvice � imulated� liding� tapgames)� te�| istics� pT� uff� table�" erminal� hat�A% e&� rough� iles� me� / s�2 otal�9 race�n point�q ks� ype� until� p� sing� virtual� ization � m�A � Xn � �J K)-� SystemTap "Hello World" Programhelloworld.stp_best simple bpfA basic "Hello World" program implemented in SystemTap script. It prints out "hello world" message and then immediately exits.general�g i!!�9Graphing Disk and CPU Utilization with gnuplotgraphs.stpmonitoringThe script tracks the disk and CPU utilization. It prints a stream of data which, when piped directly into gnuplot, draws historical curves for each.general�% =33�=Function Time Statisticsfunc_time_stats.stpfunction statisticsThe func_time_stats.stp script tracks the wall clock time for each invocation of the function probe listed as the first command line argument. When the script exits it prints out the minimum, average, and maximum times in microseconds followed by a count of times that the function was called and a histogram showing the distributions of times.general � ~ � �!e ;3+�?Network packet contentspacket_contents.stpnetwork trafficThe packet_contents.stp script displays the length of each network packet and its contents in both hexadecimal and ASCII. Systemtap strings are MAXSTRINGLEN in length by default which may not be enough for larger packets. In order to print larger packets, this limit can be increased by passing in the "-DMAXSTRINGLEN=65536" command line option.network�d S#)}Keep track of NFS server statisticsnfsdtop.stpnfs statisticsThe nfsdtop.stp script gathers and displays NFS lookups,network�zc o+ �SFind Which Client Is Removing NFS Files on Servernfsd_unlink.stpnfs diskThe nfsd_unlink.stp script lists the ip address and file name each time time a file is being removed or unlinked by the nfsd. This script is run on the nfs server.network + + �R �( simple nce oftware me urce ( pecified ed tap rted up tistics s eps pn ream uffixes yscallA s tem % tap F table kess llies y pset ext hatL ? # 0 ez $ ir n rei mal ird+ s read ottle d , ing id me) !- % d s 2 ' o" G race# s ing ks � � �_? �B forbidden�# requency� t�+ ly � . om� , % ) unctio S � � � �� 1!7�Trace system callsstrace.stp_best process syscallThe script loosely emulates strace, when applied to individual processes or hierarchies (via -c/-x), or the entire system (without -c/-x). A few output configuration parameters may be set with -G.process�U� s-/�qTrack Creation of Processes by process and execnamespawn_seeker.stpprocess schedulerThe spawn_seeker.stp script every minute (and on exit) prints out the local time and sorted lists of which processes and executables spawned tasks during the previous minute. This can be useful to determine what process is creating a flurry of short-lived processes. When a process exits its count of tasks created is added to its parent's count to better account for the indirect task creation by children processes. For more detailed examination of task creation consider using forktracker.stp.process aXA ! @ 5 R ccess L $ ed L s L tionsP vePF ddrL ess L ffectI kaD llA ocatedP/ w L # ongO mountI ndQA <" .+$ ' onymousP re C ! * 8 3 ) sG tO tempt I vailableP erage H^ { oidH backtraceO sedF e H , $ - causeK ingC tweenH pfF traceF reakpoint L# ' utA y,B / I c G acheF statF ll A sO nH2 # M . , ertainNA lear HR edH ingH.- odeK llapse I( % % �X �4 interrupts" o' op$ blktime, devstats- stat . s/ time0h pi## s# s- / t0 kernel# yword0S least+ . ( ine ,N O s08 ux# st+ " j s0T ogger( machine. jor) 3 ny,- ster $ xmapentries,; y,5 easures - icroseconds0C1 nor) 4 onitoring $ s( st+ s" name% J umber ,9 5 : &" observes0 ccurs ) f<# 3 & n6" $ J e. pen0 ed0 s/0 sl$ rations,1 9 / #A tion,I al% r% � � �@R e'�sTrack Virtual Memory System Page Reclamationmmreclaim.stpmemoryThe mmreclaim.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints available in some kernels to track page reclaim activity that occurred while the script was running. It's useful in debugging performance problems that occur due to page reclamation.memory�uQ })!�;Track Virtual Memory System Actions on File Backed Pagesmmfilepage.stpmemory bpfThe mmfilepage.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints available in some kernels to track the number of faults, copy on writes mapping, and unmapping operations for file backed pages. When the script is terminated the counts are printed for each process that allocated pages while the script was running. The mmfilepage.stp script is useful in debugging leaks in the mapped file regions of a process.memory K� �9 c%-�SWatch a Variable Changing Value in a Threadvarwatch.stp_best monitoringThis script places a set of probes (specified by $1), each of which monitors the state of some context $variable expression (specified by $2). Whenever the value changes, with respect to the active thread, the event is traced.general� G' �#Callgraph Tracing of Tcl codetcl-trace.stpcallgraphPrint a timed per-thread microsecond-timed callgraph of executing Tcl code.general�2 /) �Profile Tcl callstcl-funtop.stpprofilingThe tcl-funtop.stp script displays a top-like view of most frequently used Tcl functions for the each five second interval.general $ $ �Y1 �6 pathsq erformance | hapsz iodict ally files| id v# $ ' limit} tsx rint| edv ! " sr& oc { edurex ss�q % ess5 $ orr# @ , s s6 mod~ top duce | sig � threadz race{ readable | cent} ordq moved{ portt& ingt quire~& source} un | ningr D # s s cheduler r reent# ipt8r! ! econdt s t urity q ntq hared w libz ortu" uld r wingr; 8 ignal� s� � � �� �3C�9 Monitor capabilities and syscalls used by a process and it childrencontainer_check.stpprofiling container syscallThe container_check.stp script monitors the use of linux capablities and optionally forbidden syscalls by a process and its children. On exit the script prints out lists showing the capabilies used by each executable, which syscall used specific capabilites for each executable, a list of forbidden syscalls used, and details on any syscalls that failed during monitoring. This script is designed to help diagnose issues caused by restricted capabilies and syscalls when running an application in a container. If the script warns about skipped probes, the number of active kretprobes may need to be increased with "-DKRETACTIVE=100" option on the command lineprofiling � � �` �D name 0 ? s ested oises te" umerous o ccurs � '� � p5 -)�Switch log filesswitchfile.stpioEvery second print a log message and switch log files every 5 seconds.io�p4 7# �Trace slow vfs opens.slowvfs.stpio simpleThis script prints a line for every kernel vfs_open operation that takes longer than a configurable number of microseconds. Highly contended or remote filesystems are likelier to hit this.io�"3 y1%�Tally the Number of NFS Functions Used by Each Processnfs_func_users.stpio profilingThe nfs_func_users.stp script counts the uses of NFS functions in the kernel on a per process bases. The output is sorted from the process with the greatest number of NFS functions called to the least. The output contains the executable name, the process number, and the total number of NFS functions called by the process.io�V2 �%?�cMonitor Read/Write of the Boot Sector Area of Block Devicesmbrwatch.stpio monitoring disk simple The mbrwatch.stp script reports any attempted reads/writes of the first few sectors of a raw block device.io � r � �"] ]15�System-Wide Network Packet Dropping Toolnetfilter_drop.stpnetwork packets guruThe script drops the specified number of packets of the specified protocol. Valid protocols are TCP, UDP, or ALL. If ALL is specified, all incoming packets are dropped. The number of packets to drop can be specified with a positive integer. A value of 0 indicates that packets should be dropped until the user manually exits.network�%\ O!+�ETrace Activity on Network Devicesnetdev.stpnetwork trafficThe netdev.stp script traces configuration and transmit/receive activity on network devices.network�c[ i/;� Tracks time between packet queue and transmit.net_xmit_json.stpnetwork statistics jsonThis script tracks time between packet queue and transmit. The information is provided to userspace via procfs in JSON format.network sure quantity between different probe points, aggregate the measurements, and display the results. The first argument to the script is the quantity to measure such as time in microseconds via "gettimeofday_us()". There could be multiple intervals being measured concurrently and the second argument is the means to match the start probe points listed in the fourth argument with the end probes listed in the fifth argument. The third argument is how to display the aggregated data. The data could be displayed as a sum (@sum), an average (@avg), or a histogram (@hist_log). The fourth and fifth arguments are lists of probes marking the start and end of an interval. An optional sixth argument allows grouping of the intervals. One could use "tid()" for the matching argument to measure the intervals on a per-thread basis, but then use "execname()" for the optional argument to group the measurements by executable name. If there is no sixth argument, all the intervals are aggregated into a single entry.general 3 � � 3 �=� m/�[Trace processes running out of file descriptors rlimit_nofile.stplimitsThis script watches processes being scheduled and which try to allocate a file descriptor without luck.process�m� ]!+�GGenerates a process diagram in DOT form.pstree.stpprocess diagramThe pstree.stp script generates a process diagram in DOT form. For instance, it may be useful on a 'make' command to see all the processes that are started.process�+� �-/� Print trace of process ancestors for matching exec commandspstrace_exec.stpprocess backtraceThe pstrace_exec.stp script watches each exec operation. If the exec contains a substring that matches the script's command-line argument, it prints out that process and all of its ancestors.process�h� I +�UPrint Process File Descriptorspsig.stpprocess signalsRun psig.stp to produce a human-readable summary of the signal handling configuration of a given process. Specify the process-id as -x PID for fastest performance.process �hr g% �;Monitor Changes in Processor Executing a Taskchng_cpu.stpschedulerThe chng_cpu.stp script takes an argument which is the executable name of the task it should monitor. Each time a task with that executable name is found running on a different processor, the script prints out the thread id (tid), the executable name, the processor now running the task, the thread state, and a backtrace showing the kernel functions that triggered the running of the task on the processor.process �]* �> displaysd maxstringlene5 nsp* onem portp uef mp i ep$ ach*c lementg$ noughe" try f & xecutablef itg8 fileb sc term edp ingh ndc inga rstg lags i ocush llowedg) r&e# ) undk romg# ullf nctiong4 sg gp% athersd iven m lobalsp# roupedo$ so uruk hh" ask vea exadecimale ighesth ostp id i fb mprovek ne ) cludes j omingj reasek de0 dexingm icatesg3 vidualo formationj itk ialk strumentsg pa * s#c & . ta - se keepa rnel g �f3 �P usefulu rq ss variety} was sT " tcher~ s v hatu ichr le sE idev th"q xs# xx{ � � � �Ug g-)�Trace Functions Called in Network Socket Codesocket-trace.stpnetwork socketThe script instruments each of the functions in the Linux kernel's net/socket.c file. The script prints out trace data. The first element of a line is time delta in microseconds from the previous entry. This is followed by the command name and the PID. The "->" and "<-" indicates function entry and function exit, respectively. The last element of the line is the function name.network�_f �?;�QTrack Start and Stop of Processes Due to Network Buffer Spacesk_stream_wait_memory.stpnetwork tcp process bpfThe sk_stream-wait_memory.stp prints a time stamp, executable, and pid each time a process blocks due to the send buffer being full. A similar entry is printed each time a process continues because there is room in the buffer.network o o � � other' ut ( 4 put& s ) standing,. pair06 rentheses0L er " iod& ic% id0E resumed' ints#( ! 3 ocess ) es # or# files" ing- vides. yexample! thon! queue, read%& % 8 ing & s ) : 1 son+ ceived" ord" gexp% port( s ( % quests, schedule+ s. cf# ript<" ! 1 s0 si . econd0d s& % # rets $ tors% ek% s% howing% imple ! zed% mp# ome ' ' rted+ pace( ecified ) nd, t0 sl $ tap ' L tistics. us& > a�#� � > � �6 M1'�1cve-2018-14634 security band-aidcve-2018-14634.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids�!�5 Q5'�1cve-2018-1000001 security band-aidcve-2018-1000001.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��4 K/'�1cve-2017-6074 security band-aidcve-2017-6074.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��3 K/'�1cve-2016-5195 security band-aidcve-2016-5195.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��2 K/'�1cve-2016-0728 security band-aidcve-2016-0728.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��1 K/'�1cve-2015-7547 security band-aidcve-2015-7547.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids �� �f� ;37�=monitor syscall historythread-business.stp_best process syscallPrints a periodic tabular report about the counts of syscall activity of all threads on the system, along with a textual recent-syscall-history for eachprocess�T� g%�System-Wide Syscall Statistics with FilteringsyscalltimessyscallCombination shell/systemtap script to measure system call counts and times. Can be filtered by process IDs, process names and users.process�� c5� System-Wide Count of Syscalls by Executablesyscalls_by_proc.stpsyscallThe script watches all syscall on the system. On exit the script prints a list showing the number of systemcalls executed by each executable ordered from greatest to least number of syscalls.process�� U3�}System-Wide Count of Syscalls by PIDsyscalls_by_pid.stpsyscallThe script watches all syscall on the system. On exit the script prints a list showing the number of systemcalls executed by each PID ordered from greatest to least number of syscalls.process & & �W �2 ofE2 & ! n'3 ce:1 e :& ' ly?% pen4 s4 ration4 tion:D al:( r4 _ 1 der 1 ut1 6 liers>0 put 3 particular7 ssive= er 3 iodically1 s; rint1 /7 ed :� 5 ing8 s 4 % ocess+1 3 J # es:L 2 filing3 vides = & queue<) raw2 e?2 ached:A d2 s 2 cent8 ord8 mote4 ports 2 quest<# ire;, q< script!2 D olling8 econd5 C Z s1 1 tor2 s2 quence? rialization: hort? w= * ing= n>% s> imilar;^ ple 2 ze< low4 " " �[P �: reference � turned�2 uby� C n� ning� ^ _ [ sampling � sha� ched � ule�@ d�K r� ' reen�; ipt?� @ @ ? s � + econd � > s� urityI� ts � how� ome�J K H 4 rted� pent� tack� pbpf� orage�; < 9 pq� witch � es�( ymbolic�2 scall)�H I E errorsbypid � latency � s �b J _ I bypid � rw � tem� call�% s �, tap�> ? < takes� llies� � �� �Yo w'1�yDisplay Network Statistics for Individual TCP Socketstcpipstat.stpnetwork statisticsThe tcpipstat script collects and displays network statistics related to individual TCP sockets or groups of sockets. The statistics that are collected are simular to that of the command netstat -s, only sorted and grouped by individual sockets.network�n M++�qDump of Received UDP/TCP Packetstcpdumplike.stpnetwork trafficThe tcpdumplike.stp prints out a line for each TCP & UDP packet received. Each line includes the source and destination IP addresses, the source and destination ports, and flags.network � g �ggg �^ �@ 1B 00O 2mb H" 9 3O 4kb H+ B 5F 12 H% < 64 H 3 � �` �D two:" 2 yping8 use; d3 * ful> r:; s3 s3 vfs4 iew@( wait;Q ed;> ing:M s; s :| tch7 ell:� hen :T ther: ich ; ill :c# th3 orkloads@ s? rite 2 s 2 ) ) �TQ �, tally � sk� s�? cl� E han�1 t �[ \ X 6- ei� $ $ # re� is �8 ; < 9 read � s� ime� d�. out � s� 5 o1�- - ' ( % N ol� s� p� A sys � race� d�F point� wenty� B o� ucalls � drepper� nderstand�= p � dates�9 se�# d �; & ful� r � # value�X Y U rious � ia�$ % " want�W hat� en�H * + ( ) ther � ich�> ill� 0 1 . th$� * U V R ? ord�H k�g rite� ten�= x�% you�V " �" w�? '% � pingpong gamepingpong.stpstapgamesA simulated ball bounces around the terminal reflecting at the edgesstapgamesa�> % s life gamelifegame.stpstapgameswatch as your creation morphes into different formsstapgames " " �[B �: sleeps�/ mallest�, o�� me�\ rted)� * pecial� D fic �( W ed�< y�C nt� tack� size� p�M tistics� pr� < race�! um�( pport�$ ymbol�> ic �9 . name�I scall"� & s� # + times� tem#� X call� tap� table�) ular� kes � . ing� lly�l rget� en� xtual� han� t �# / 8 j # e�� 5 n� re�Z is�< H A read � s � tacks� shold�% 1 1 �L4 � 10ms� 2 � aP� 9 ) ccount�A umulated�" tually� dded�9 ll� ocate� mount � ncestors�" d7� ' ' y� pplied� re� gument� t� backtrace� ! s� e� . ! ing � st� tter�@ ween� y+� G c �2 alls� n �- hildren �> H ommand � s� pletion� nfiguration� sider�Q tains� unt �4 s � pu� reated�7 ing�( on�F d� elay�* scending � riptor� s� tination� tailed�L ermine�$ iagram � spatch� ed� ot� uration�) ing� bout t ctivityz* dded{ ressv ll| ongq soq n r alysisz d7q 8 / 1 res gumentr raysz% s{ tyA tachesq empts{ uditq btq verage v backtrace q : sq sedx eu ? ing q st s tween s5 locked{ s{ yq c s! allt st nu usedq hangesr ngr ompetings nfiguration ' tains& entionv s v rol{ pu r reatingu onu ycles ss dz ebuginfo~' faultt lete~ scriptors | ignatedx tails~ ermine s 8 8 �E � concurrently3 dition figurable nect/ text rresponding uld-0, reation urrent 5 3 ly) xx ycle dataX ebuginfo monstrate tect vice iagnoseD d fferent rectly 0 splayA ed] s oingJ river warf each nable + ) dH1 ! $ ed try� vent % s xceed- ecname� utable� ing on it pectedO ression tension$ racts fail ifthM" le s tering rst ve loating point or5� % # . mat, urthD) requently iends om unction ality s' % top / / �N � includingB formationH itiallyH sP ternalG o I vocationsN oA s$A # %" tH % G sH kernel I sP illB snoopB malloc N larger H' > stO tenciesD yA2 @ [ * eakingH sPL ibcO stN) og I wtoolsA mN> achines H 4 lloc G ny A rkedJ$ yI be H= X emory`F icrosecondsH; V nimumN< ssesF manonpageP odifiedJ0 mentsO nitorsF re H: I ust H + nN4 ameE dA eeds L onA rmalH* A tA iceableH> Y ( + + �R �( 1 2 a[_ -! - ctive " @ ity s ) ' ually ? ggregate dWY ll � ows{ mount n b # d5!: " noy y ppear licationH rbitrary chive* e o@ ! gument / sn s%; sociated t & veragec gd backtrace4 s sed ic s� e.0 ( A A cause 6 ing1 nchmark st tween pf roken ut � y � tes c allgraph! s n @ @ hanges ing lock se1 ode mmand 5 parable 1 ilation lete ion � �a�( [# �7 Show Processes Doing Polling Operationstimeout.stpprofilingThe timeout.stp script is based on a blog entry (http://udrepper.livejournal.com/19041.html) mentioning a need for a tool to help developers find applications that are polling. The timeout.stp script monitors systemcall used for polling and records the systemcalls that timed out rather than returned because some action occurred. The script updates the screen once a second with the top twenty processes.profiling��' =-+�' Profile Kernel Functionsthread-times.stp_best profilingThe thread-times.stp script sets up time-based sampling. Every five seconds it prints out a sorted list with the top twenty threads occupying the CPUs, broken down as a percentage of user and kernel time.profiling�p�& �)9� Provide a tally of read and write syscalls run on the system syscallsrw.stpprometheus syscall bpfThe syscallsrw.stp script tallies the read and write syscalls. This is a demo script for stapbpf prometheus-exporter scripts.profiling Q Q �+� �;/ �] Monitor which executables use ioctl syscalls and what kernel code is handling the ioctlioctl_handler.stpprofilingThe ioctl systemcall is used to manipulate devices setting or special files. The way that ioctl syscalls are handled depend greatly on the device the special file is associated with. Using strace to monitor the open and ioctl syscalls may not give a good indication of what kernel code is actually handling the ioctl operations. The ioctl_handler.stp script is designed to provide more details. On exit the ioctl_handler.stp script provides a count of the ioctl syscalls for each executable run on the system. If there was some special device driver code used to handle to the ioctl, the output will have a tally of the times the function name and module was called for that executable. The "--all-modules" option should be included on the command line so the script can provide function name information.profiling X �X �_�B y#A�i)Tally the Number of User-Space QEMU IO on Each IO Portqemu_io.stpvirtualization qemu kvm ioThe qemu_io.stp script tallies the number of times each of the IO port on the guest virtual machines is touched by a input or output operation. When the script exits, it prints a count of the number of times each IO port read and written.virtualization�A�A a);�E)Tally the Number of User-Space QEMU Eventsqemu_count.stpvirtualization qemu kvmThe qemu_count.stp script tallies the number of times each of the user-space qemu probepoints is encountered. When the script exits, it prints a list of the number of times each user-space qemu probepoint is encountered.virtualization � � / � � C � time$� $ ) / r� s� s� o " tamp� oG� @! 4 $ $ + ) p� " tal�' race � point� wenty � o� up � dated � 0 se� * d�! ] L E r � s� s� ing � ual� variable� ous� ersions�" wait�+ 4 � time� ed�7 ing�3 rmup� ns�T s �2 [ tches� y� hat� 0 en� J 7 re� ich�% ide� ll� i th5� b : * 5 x�Q yes�J � �li � �WZ q'?�mWatch Where Socket Buffers Are Freed in the Kerneldropwatch.stpnetwork tracepoint socketEvery five seconds the dropwatch.stp script lists the number of socket buffers freed at locations in the kernel.network� Y ]-9�SShow Process Ancestry for IP Connectionsconnect_stat.stpnetwork socket processThe connect_stat.stp script prints a task's entire ancestry (parent process name/uid/gid) whenever it attempts an outgoing socket connection to a given IP address.network� X =##�+Watch autofs4 Operationsautofs4.stpnetwork nfsTrace key autofs4 operations such as mounting or unmounting remote filesystems.network�W �)'�CLog Failed Process Memory Allocation Due to Overcommit Limitsovercommit.stpmemory limitsThe overcommit.stp script prints a line each time the kernel refuses a memory allocation request from a process because of /proc/sys/vm/overcommit* limits.memory g g �" �0 thisFA C ^ ! 6 ose B resholdA us H- D ime'A* U r s H&& =* lbI o?C - = ) olF p N! tal HT q raceA back L pointsP s!A ) ingA( kP iggers HN i wo A ypesE unmapsP se A% d G fulPI rP spaceO sP ing K valinF riousB iewA- rtualP wasP4 tchL point L henH ! " ichC leP1 oC ideB llHE ` thE , , : orkK loadsA$ riteA "* ableJ sA x G 86 H 2 you I" - O O �. �` device 2 s2 isk 2 tribution< s>4 o@ ue: ration= ing1 ynamically@ each3 i nable:, d:� very 1 / + xample>* ceeded:` ssive : ec? s?3 noop? utable 3, s 1 ion? few2 ile@ s5 ystem@ s4 rst2 % 8 ve 1 0 ollowed;B r4 9 &# ) k? rom3 slatency@ unc3 tions3 generating1 reatest3 uru8 has :4 ] ve; eld:} p: ighly4 stogram= t4 older:q ing :6 e oks8 i1 dentify > e> f :~ , n1 d cludes< ing?- dicate; formation;_ sert< ed<% terval1 1 �1 �t� M71�E Count Times Functions Are Calledfunctioncallcount.stpprofiling functionThe functioncallcount.stp script takes one argument, a list of functions to probe. The script will run and count the number of times that each of the functions on the list is called. On exit the script will print a sorted list from most frequently to least frequently called function.profiling�S� [#+� Show Functions Taking Longer Than Usualfntimes.stp_best profilingThe fntimes.stp script monitors the execution time history of a given function family (assumed non-recursive). Each time (beyond a warmup interval) is then compared to the historical maximum. If it exceeds a certain threshold (250%), a message is printed.profiling � � � �G� = �) Profile Kernel Functionspf2.stpprofilingThe pf2.stp script sets up time-based sampling. Every five seconds it prints out a sorted list with the top ten kernel functions with samples.profiling�C� s% �a Show the Period of the Various Timers on the Systemperiodic.stpprofilingThe periodic.stp script uses the kernel.trace("timer_expire_entry") tracepoint to collect data on period and frequency of the various timers on the system. The script displays a sorted list of the timers observed on the system from most frequent to least frequent. The script needs to be compiled with the '--all-modules' option to produce list the function names. Optionally, this script can be used with a numerical argument to indicate the interval in seconds between printing output.profiling 9 9 �DU � duration�: each� t� er� dges� ucation3� mergency3� ncountered�7 xample� it � " s�+ plicitly�{ fixing� or;� 4 ms� g�� ame� uest�- ru3� handling�$ ve�u istorical3� in�L tel�d" o� o�& s�a a�w t�,% kernel�Y s�j yboard� vm�n left�- vel� ife� game� ne�� ux�S ocal� machine� ximum�J ze� icroseconds�M nimum�C odern� rphes� newer�X ot�t umber�0 of�% lder�i n �R( z � z �t Q/)�UTrace Socket Activity of a Processsocket-events.stpsocket syscallPrints the life cycle of all sockets associated with a process. This includes bytes and timing. The timing information that is tracked includes event completion relative to the start of said event and the end of the previous event. Currently tracks read, write, recv, send, connect and close.general� Y9G�UInteractive Print the Size of a C Typesizeof_interactive.stpstatistics memory interactiveThis script prints the size of a type, based on dwarf debuginfo for any kernel or userspace module, or trial-compilation of a given header file name. Types and corresponding locations are provided to the script at runtime via keyboard input. The format of the input is identical to that of sizeof.stp (see script source for more information). Types and locations can be repeatedly given until the process is terminated. general n"� 3 q > callcount � s� g�F athered�! ive�+ n� libc� ood�- reatly� uru � D handle�c d� r �; ing� 5 ve�j elp�A istorical� y � ids� f�5 Q Y n � N @ N clude�< d�� reased�a dicate�K ion�. fo �: / rmation� � 6 sn� trument� terval � M s� octl� s4� : > ( ! / & sues�C t �= ! s� kernel � 1 y�& retprobes�\ largest�& tencytap � dd �- " east �0 - ibc�% ne"� i � times � � � �0: W�mTracing Contention on Big Kernel Lockbkl.stplockingThe bkl.stp script can help determine whether the Big Kernel Lock (BKL) is causing serialization on a multiprocessor system due to excessive contention of the BKL. The bkl.stp script takes two arguments. The first one is optional, and used to enable backtraces, and print them once a process has been holding the BKL for a user specified number of nseconds is reached. The second option is compulsory and is the number of processes waiting for the Big Kernel Lock (BKL). When the number of processes waiting for the BKL is reached or exceeded, the script will print a time stamp, the number of processes waiting for the BKL, the holder of the BKL, and the amount of time the BKL was held. If backtraces are enabled, a backtrace will be printed as well.locks : �#L m//�Watch a Kernel Address Using Breakpoint Hardwarehw_watch_addr.stpmemory watchpointThe script will watch accesses to a single kernel address and prints a traceback each time the address is accessed. This script needs to be run as root to allow access to the breakpoint hardware.memory�CK �1�OLog the kernel splitting huge pages into normal sized pageshugepage_split.stpmemoryBecause some portions of the kernel code only work with normal-sized pages the kernel may convert a huge page into a set of normal-sized pages using a split operation. This operation may be relatively expensive and noticeable to latency sensitive programs. You can identify if split operations are occurring with the systemtap hugepage_split.stp script.memory �]/ �> differentr" sable{ maxmapentriesz oes~$ uez' e~ achr d~! ntry u rrorst snoopt vent~ sq ry q xec u utabler sy ingr @ itv ed failingt uret stest | ile| s{ rstt lurryu ocuss& r+q k u trackeru undr roms ! " unctionsr> texv esv 2w g~ enerallyx teq iven| st! uru{ handlers ing� ve eavyz) ightt$ ierarchies{ ghest v& ' stogramss7 ry uman | idr* & entified{ yz fz# nr * cludes formation it~ ializationz strumentss terrupts ss> valt � �w � �a| I!%�IPrint Process File Descriptorspfiles.stpprocess fileRun pfiles.stp to produce a human-readable summary of all open file descriptors of a given process. Specify the process-id as -x PID for fastest performance.process�{ e%7� Disable ptrace from Hierarchies of Processesnoptrace.stpprocess security guruBlocks ptrace(2) attempts from processes identified by stap -c/-x, as also specifiable from /proc/systemtap/stap_XXX/ control files. Processes may be added or removed from the blocked list.process�iz O5�Ipthread mutex contention analysismutex-contention.stplockingTracks pthread-mutex initialization/use and underlying futex operations, to identify (with backtraces/symbol-names) the mutexes suffering most contention. Invoke with "-d SHLIB --ldd", perhaps with -DMAXMAPENTRIES=NNNN for some large NNNN, if the arrays overflow due to heavy activity.process � � �e�@ S5=� )Time Statistics on KVM Exit Reasonskvm_service_time.stp_best virtualization kvmThe kvm_service_time.stp script tracks the statistics about the amount of time that the processor left the guest virtual machine for each exit reason (for example fixing up a page table or handling an IO operation). When the script exits it prints out the number of times each exit reason was encountered, the total duration of time it left the guest VM, the minimum time, the average time, and the maximum time in microseconds for that exit reason. On Linux 2.6.38 and newer kernel the script can automatically determine whether it is running on Intel or AMD processors. For older kernels with a kernel.trace("kvm_exit") tracepoint that does not have the $isa parameter you can explicitly state the kvm type with a "-G kvm=intel" or "-G kvm=amd" on the command line.virtualization u [u �b� � �y Show performance ratios using perf.counter to access performance countersperf.stpprofilingOn exit the perf.stp script provides a sorted list showing cycles per insn, branches per insn, and cache refs per insnprofiling�!� a'+�! Show Time Spent on Each Line of a Functionlinetimes.stpprofiling _bestThe linetimes.stp script takes two arguments: where to find the function and the function name. linetimes.stp will instrument each line in the function. It will print out the number of times that the function is called, a table with the average and maximum time each line takes, and control flow information when the script exits.profiling ' ' �VM �0 broken� y�C D A 1 c�' an� / : ; 8 ode�< m � mand�L unt�O s�O P L pu�! s� urrent�C ve%� d�) ata�/ 0 - emo� termine� velopers� isappearing�P Q M play� s�3 oes�^ _ [ e ing� wn� each� 7 ducation � liminated�2 3 0 mergency � ntries�@ A > y� rror �N O s� very � xceeding�9 : 7 ssive � ec�. its�- . + , porter� find� rst� ve � orH� M ] Y ;/ mat�) * ' requent� om�3 4 1 unction� s � j gets�J ithub� cceptedj ingj tivityh ddressa + es i ll a owh ndGa . ( re e sciie backgroundk sedm ea" ! causef% enk ing c locki sf othe pff ridgei ufferf y*a * % cg alledg ne. hangesk+ lient a sa odeg llectedo so mmande7 , pleteb uterj ngestionk necteda% ion j s j sidereda# tainsi entse inuesf$ untk' reationj wnd k daddrp" tag ebuginfop fault e ltag stination n iskc playo C �C �a� Y'/�)Trace Time Spent in Nanosleep Syscallssleeptime.stpsyscall nanosleepThe script watches each nanosleep syscall on the system. At the end of each nanosleep syscall the script prints out a line with a timestamp in microseconds, the pid, the executable name in parentheses, the "nanosleep:" key, and the duration of the sleep in microseconds.process�T� }59�SGenerate Backtraces of Threads Waiting for IO OperationssleepingBeauties.stpio scheduler backtraceThe script monitors the time that threads spend in waiting for IO operations (in "D" state) in the wait_for_completion function. If a thread spends over 10ms, its name and backtrace is printed, and later so is the total delay.process ! ! �\6 �< more�K name � ) ! nosleep � ofile� umber�3 observed�) fA� n"� peration� s � tionally�* s�5 r �3 der � ed � ut"� put� ver� parameters� ent�< heses�# ticular� eriodically� id �; revious� int� ed�# s.� oc � ess�� & es � ( strace � ee � queue�$ ing� receiving�- ports� limit� unnable�# ing � s� = ched� & & �WT �2 0728� 1000001� 4634� 2�T 011� 5� 6 � 7� 8� 21 � 48 � 38�V 4034� 127� 55� 5195� 6�U 074� 485� 7547� a� N bout� id=� s3� md�f$ ount� n�% d � H imation� si� round� s� t� utomatically�] verage�F ball� nd[� est � lock � s� ounces� reak� er� can�\ eiling� lassic� earing� ommand�� reation� ve=� determine�^ ifferent� oes�s O O �.H �?�Summarize the time each process spends clearing huge pageshugepage_clear_delays.stpmemoryWhen a huge page is initially used by a process it must be cleared of its original contents to avoid leaking information between processes. On x86_64 machines the huge pages are 2MB in size, 512 times larger than a normal 4KB page. Thus, clearing a huge page can delay program execution by a hundred or more microseconds and maybe noticeable to latency sensitive programs. This script will tally the number of times that each process triggers a huge page clear, the total time in microseconds spent clearing the pages, and the average time in microseconds of the huge page clear.memory ] G��] b9 =%sTrace calls to io_submittraceaio.stpioTrace calls to io_submit, logging iocbs and iovecs.io�]8 1!9�OMonitor TTY Typingttyspy.stpio tty monitoring guruThe ttyspy.stp script uses tty_audit hooks to monitor recent typing activity on the system, printing a scrolling record of recent keystrokes, on a per-tty basis.io�#7 ]%�SWatch IO Activity on a Particular Devicetraceio2.stpioPrint out the executable name and process number as reads and writes to the specified device occur.io�66 e#�sTrack Cumulative IO Activity by Process Nametraceio.stpioEvery second print out the top ten executables sorted in descending order based on cumulative I/O traffic observed.io m& n� re,{ irdP s$ > ) ose/ - read � 2 0 # e id� me& " d : r ing o: : # # * , p race d' ing, * ked s* ial gger& $ 1 ype s " untilD p s+ e � d B r 7 / space G s ing< value s riable ous watch erbose ia ) ( ew wall clock tch dog hatE enK ever ich( & le 3 1 ose y � 97� � �> /'9�Callgraph Tracingcallgraph.stpsimple trace callgraphPrint a timed per-thread microsecond-timed nested callgraph. The first parameter names the function probe points to trace.general�, 3#+�mBad Filename Filterbadname.stpfilesystem guruThe badname.stp script shows how one could prevent the creation of files with undesirable names using guru mode.general� e-!�aShow Attribues in Table for ansi_set_color()ansi_colors2.stpformat bpfThe script prints a table showing the available attributes (bold, underline, and inverse) with color combinations for the ans_set_color() function in the ansi.stp tapset.general�D M+!�Color Table for ansi_set_color()ansi_colors.stpformat bpfThe script prints a table showing the available color combinations for the ansi_set_color() function in the ansi.stp tapset.general � � �&�" u-1� Display the Task Switches Happening in the Schedulersched_switch.stpprofiling functionThe sched_switch.stp script takes two arguments, first argument can be "pid" or "name" to indicate what is being passed as second argument. The script will trace the process based on pid/name and print the scheduler switches happening with the process. If no arguments are passed, it displays all the scheduler switches. This can be used to understand which tasks schedule out the current process being traced, and when it gets scheduled in again.profiling � � �` �D generalP ttimeof � � � �A�$ �1W�w Provide a per-process accumulation of syscall latency on the systemsyscalllatency.stpprometheus process syscall tracepointThe syscalllatency.stp script accumulates syscall latency for each running process. This information can be useful to whether excessive time is being spent in particular syscalls on the system. The script makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable format. When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the prometheus output. To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries. This can lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or later reappearing with a lower value. Also note that the script does not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit machines.profiling � � � � A)c�wWhy did the function fail?whythefail.stpspeculation monitoring function trace _bestThe whythefail.stp script prints a statement-execution trace for a given function, but only for those runs of the function that ended up with a (configurable) post-return condition.general�1 S%1�OWatchdog Timer for Arbitrary Eventswatchdog.stpwatchdog backtraceThe watchdog.stp script provides a watchdog timer mechanism for arbitrary events. The script takes three arguments: the events to start watchdog timer, the event to stop the watchdog timer, and the time in millseconds for the watchdog. If the watchdog timer is exceed, the script will trigger a stack backtrace of the user-process that timed out using pstack. This script can be used to diagnose what the userspace application is doing when a slower than expected operation occurs.general L L �17 �f schedtimes � uled� r� riptJ� ee� ker � mop � timedop� nding�" t � s�% t� hort�, wing � ig � kill � mon� nal � s� leep�, ing� beauties� time� o�& rted� pawn � ed� ecific �: ed� nd � s � t � tarted� te �& s� s� p^� Q race � ubstring� yscall � s� ! ! tem� calls � task � E s� hat!� - - �P �$ 1>( 55 a;2 ! - 0 ccept= 2close= tivity1 ll ;( so?) mount:w nd531 )0 B y2 re4 � a2 gument? s:# s7 � ttempted2 udit8 verage;S s>$ backtrace:� s:-T sed6 s3 is8 e :� en:5 yond>" ig : G olatency> tesize< kl : lock2 oot2 ut@ y 1 9 C & called3$ s9 n: tch?! using: haracteristics> lose= ommand? on@ pulsory:F nfigurable4 nections= sumed? tains3* ended4 tion: unts3 pu < umulative6 debuginfo< scending 1 tails= ermine: � � �< � '/�/Provide elapsed times for Passes of SystemTap script compilationstap_time.stpapplication traceSystemTap has multiple passes to convert the text of a SystemTap script into instrumentation that actually collect data on the system. The stap_time.stp script uses the markers in SystemTap to note the amount of time that each of the passes requires. When SystemTap completes pass 4 (compiling the instrumentation into a kernel module) the script print out the script name followed by the amount of time in milliseconds required for Pass 0 (command line option parsing), Pass 1 (script parsing), Pass 2 (elaboration), Pass 3 (code generation), and Pass 4 (module compilation). The resulting data can be analyzed to determine if there are issues with the amount of time that systemtap takes to generate instrumentation.apps 9 9 �D � stpk! ubmit + ccessfully - m - marize& pport! resses' yscall0 s ' p tem( tap! takes. llies# y# pset! en& hat! e�" m' re,) se( is ( > ime) stamp0A ls$ o## & & o,, p& tals -> 5 race0 back+ ks, ffic$ urning' users$ values! riable! ous. waiting, ll0 tches0 hen + , ich. ith ,F ? rite& A s ) < 3 ing & ten-% + x' " " �[ �: collapsingI ectN mmandB onA ntentsH vertK pyJ %"* ingJv unt E sE ' ( wJ( davidF ebuggingPK infoA lay H3 N s H tailsA ifferenceJ splaysP8 oA ingJ neO uplicatedJ- rationsD ynamicallyA eND ach'A L g , veryF xcludeN@ ecution H5 P itsN$ pensiveK& faultsP ewO ileA namesC sC ystemA teredN. rstN3 orJ reeO s O sslowerA unctionN sA glibc G roupI hardware L$ ( vingJ istogramD tsF oweverJ uge H " 6" pageH / 8 ndred H8 S w L idE entify I$ / f I% 0 mplementationG roveI nH#5 &; @ % % �X2 �4 somez urce- paceq ecifiable{ c s) eds st y | tampedu p{ ter7 ealings phq ufferingz mmary | ymbolz scallt sw temt tap{ tablesx ulart tet kes r ingy4 sk r ermination~ hat!q ' O ! e�q iefs ss " readr) oughx idr+ me'r < 0 ss1 o/q % & ok raceu point s ks sz iggeredr@ un~ derlyingz probesx sez dq h� � �ED �'�aSummarize read() and write() syscall latency (non-debuginfo)rwtime-nd.stpioThis traces read() and write() syscalls, producing a histogram summary of their durations (aka latencies).lwtools�5C {-�GTrace open() syscalls showing filenames (non-debuginfo)opensnoop-nd.stpioThis traces the open() syscall system-wide, to show which files are being opened, and by who.lwtools�QB �-�]Trace kill() signals showing process and signal details (non-debuginfo)killsnoop-nd.stpioThis traces signals system-wide, including those sent by the kill(1) command, and shows various details.lwtools�A �+'�YTrace slow file system synchronous reads and writes (non-debuginfo)fsslower-nd.stpio filesystemThis dynamically traces two common file system functions: do_sync_read() and do_sync_write(), and shows details of each call that is slower than a threshold. Many, but not all, file systems and workloads use these functions. Tracing their time provides one view of suffered file system latency.lwtools � � � �kV Q1/�=Collect Slab Allocation Statisticsvm.tracepoints.stpmemory statisticsThe script will probe all memory slab/slub allocations and collects information about the size of the object (bytes requested) and user-space process in execution. When run over a period of time, it helps to correlate kernel-space memory consumption owing to user-space processes.memory�U c#�Generate Log of Major and Minor Page Faultspfaults.stpmemoryThe pfaults.stp script generates a simple log for each major and minor page fault that occurs on the system. Each line contains a timestamp (in microseconds) when the page fault servicing was completed, the pid of the process, the address of the page fault, the type of access (read or write), the type of fault (major or minor), and the elapsed time for page fault. This log can be examined to determine where the page faults are occurring.memory , �g � , �." [7 �= Record Interrupts on a Per-Device Basisinterrupts-by-dev.stpinterruptThe interrupts-by-dev.stp script profiles interrupts received by each device per 100 ms.interrupt�! O'�SystemTap python 3 support tapsetpyexample.stpsimpleA python support tapset that displays backtraces and variable valuesgeneral� O'�SystemTap python 2 support tapsetpyexample.stpsimpleA python support tapset that displays backtraces and variable valuesgeneral� �+ �OSee the amount of wall clock time a process spends in various statesstopwatches.stptime bpfThe stopwatch.stp script illustrates how to use multiple stopwatches record how much wallclock time a process spends in kernel- and user-space. On exit the script prints out the time in seconds, milliseconds, microseconds, and nanoseconds. Note that this output of this script is not directly comparable to the time command because time records the time that the process is actually active in kernel- and user-space.general �] �> compilation _ ing2 letes/ nfiguration straints trol vert uld nt< - rse pu reation urrent' ves data Q emonstration termine g irectly sk tributions I : raws ue yninst each ( ) ffective laborationV psed nabled countered vent/ count s ( xceeding ecutable s ing on ist s) ts fans ilename s ystem ter ing rst ollowed@ 9 * r5I ) mat1 8 rom unc tion " general< teu ionZ lib2 malloc K � K �_. �B 2{ 0t, 5 5 t a;q ( ! D�D- � systemtape tcpAf dumpliken ipstato hat a exc . ref& is#a , ' osea readp sp imec si o%e( & race b sb ingm k a sa ffice + uplesm ypek! sh udpn idj nlinkc edc serm ingp tilitym valuek riousi ersioni waitf tchp' ya ebk henk, icha op indowk th b orkloadsk" �] �> monitoring s re; st uch ltiple / name� s noseconds & ested 8 6 o � t / e ' occur 2 0 sQ fG j 5 + n� e � ly. , pened rationP s $ tional|! re ut; put * para meter s ttern er� laces oint s1 st retty vious' int ed ing s obe1 s I+ cessF 8 - file ing gram vided" s seudo tack= yexample thon quantity ick read+ cord s 8 | � | �w g%!�WKeep a tally of executables run on the systemalso_ran.stpprometheusThe also_ran.stp script tallies each time a executable is started or a shared library is loaded for execution. This information can be useful to determine what software is actually being used on the system. The script makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable format.general� [1'�qCount I/O Syscalls using Alias Suffixesalias_suffixes.stpio statisticsalias_suffixes.stp is a demonstration of how alias suffixes in the systemtap language might be used. The script tracks the wall clock time for each invocation of the system calls open, close, read, and write. When the script exists it prints out the minimum, average, and maximum times in microseconds for each system call, followed by a count of times that each syscall was invoked and a histogram showing the distributions of times.general F �� F �j a31�UTrack Creation of Incoming TCP Connectionstcp_connections.stpnetwork tcp socketThe tcp_connections.stp script prints information for each new incoming TCP connection accepted by the computer. The information includes the UID, the command accepting the connection, the PID of the command, the port the connection is on, and the IP address of the originator of the request.network�[i 3%+�IDump of STP packetsstp_dump.stpnetwork trafficThe stp_dump.stp prints out the packet contents. Each block contains the STP protocol ID, version ID, flags, root and bridge MAC addresses, and various times.network�Th u)�Periodically Summarize Socket Activity on the Systemsocktopnetwork socketThe socktop script periodically prints out a list of the processes with the highest socket activity. Command line options for the script allow filtering to focus on particular types of sockets. The "-h" option lists socktop script's filtering options.network 8 8 �E � recv- gex lative peatedlyB ort spect ults turn uns time' s aid cript: $ " dt econd6 s " tion e7 nd. t howing% imple ! ngle� xth}- ze of 5 lowerM ocket s me urce9 pace / ecified ulation nds tack3 rt>9 te ment s istics op watch es pb 6 uch$ m` pport yscall temtap takes pset cl erminatedH hanN t3 1 / 3 9 ( � �� � � m I''�TCP Connection Tracing Utilitytcp_trace.stpnetwork traceThis scripts traces a given TCP connection based on the filter parameters given by the user. The indexing is done by the 4 tuples local address, remote address, local port, remote port.network�%l K91�+print tcp retransmission packettcp_retransmission.stptcp retransmissionThe tcp_retransmission.stp prints out a line for each tcp retransmission packetnetwork�Vk e/;�sIncrease Initial TCP Congestion Window to 10tcp_init_cwnd.stpnetwork tcp socket guruRun the tcp_init_cwnd.stp script in the background to override a kernel's default tcp cwnd value to 10, which has been found to improve latency for web server type workloads. The script prints a count of cwnd value changes when it is stopped.network . . �O �" slowvfs4 ocket = rted1 pecified 7 < nt;c tamp:g tistics; s ; orage> pa1 udy>, ubmit9 ffered@* witch5 file5 ync@ hronous@ scall= tem8 & s@ table;9$ s;3 kes 4 ! ing; lly3 en 1 han4 t1 + $ e|1 ir@$ m:0 se = ! is 4 ose?. read< ime:f 1 % s;G o13% p 1 tal33 race 4 aio9 io6 27 point< s = ing: # k6 ffic 1 ty 8 spy8 � � �f� o)+� Show Reasons and Durations for Processes Sleepinglatencytap.stp_best profilingThe latencytap.stp script collects data on the intervals processes are deactivated (sleeping). The script categorizes the reasons for the sleeps by analyzing the backtraces and displays a sorted list of the top 20 causes from largest total sum time sleeping to smallest. The output is updated every 30 seconds. The script needs to be compiled with the '--all-modules' option to produce reasons for sleeps caused by modules. Optionally, this script can be used with the '-c' or '-x' options to focus on a specific PID.profiling �~� G5 �s Profile Kernel/User Functionsfileline-profile.stpprofilingThe fileline-profile.stp script ends by printing out a sorted list of the top twenty kernel and/or user processes providing file:line information, if available, from the samples addresses gathered over the time period the script is run. Use any of --ldd, --all-modules, -d MODULE, -d /PATH/TO/EXEC to add more symbolic info. To include the symbol name in the output, specify guru mode (-g) and add symbolname="yes" to the stap command.profiling�j� � � Show Which Processes and System Calls Return Errors Most Frequentlyerrno.stpprofilingOn exit the errno.stp script provides a sorted list showing which combination of PID, system call, and error occur most frequently.profiling ^ ^ � �B ioc1 cbs9 stat>' top1 vecs9 s3 sue<( t? kernel 3 G ystrokes8 latency> east3' ifespan= kelier4 ne4 sts;&$ ved? ock: G W ing : s : g5 ging9 ng; er4 wtools< many@ ximum;V brwatch2 eans? sure < s> ssage5 icroseconds4 nimum;M odal>3 nitor 2 ing 2 ulti>2 processor: name1 - d< etwork= w? fs 3 on< t ? seconds:? umber 3 = E o1 bserved6 ccur7 ? Y ? �< s+�Measure block I/O size distribution (non-debuginfo)bitesize-nd.stpioThis uses the kernel tracepoint block_rq_insert to read the size of I/O. The output includes the name of the process or thread that was on-CPU when the I/O request was inserted on the issue queue.lwtools�$; g'�9Per Process Statistics on Big Kernel Lock Usebkl_stats.stplockingThe bkl_stats.stp script can indicate which processes have excessive waits for the Big Kernel Lock (BKL) and which processes are taking the BKL for long periods of time. The bkl_stats.stp script prints lists of all the processes that require the BKL. Every five seconds two tables are printed out. The first table lists the processes that waited for the BKL followed by the number of times that the process waited, the minimum time of the wait, the average and the maximum time waited. The second table lists has similar information for the time spent in holding the lock for each of the processes.locks n�M ec � name� utable� s� ed � it� s�2 few� ile� lurry�* ocus�7 r!� B ktracker�S m� rom � unction� g�! enerate� s� reatest � hierarchies� stogram� id � f � n+� ! direct�D vidual� stance� ruments� o� s� " ' t� s�! = 3 key�& latency � r�% east � imits� ne � st � s� ved�- ocal� king� osely� uck� make� tches� ing� y � icroseconds� nute� onitors� { {V % � � typewriters underline sirable se d " ful s ing tilization various erbum ia , 3 wall ters s B 3 tch hat en - & ich ill th l orld rite% zing ! ! �\> �< children� ode� 20 llect� s� mbination � mand�h N � pared� iled �9 4 ntainer �O rol�4 unt � M er� s� s � reate� d� ycles� d �0 % ata � eactivated� fault � pend� signed �? ? tails �4 C vice�G s� iagnose�B splays � kretactive�c river�_ uration�( s� ing�: each(� # S nd� s� try� rrno � or� s� very�1 xceeds�" ec �5 * utable� $ T' s� ion� it� $ E s�: pire� failed�9 mily� ile � line � s� tered� ing� nd� ve � low�5 ntimes � ocus�T r$� 4 * R' 0 � �� � �>b U) �uTrace NFSD requests with file names.nfsd-trace.stpnfs traceThis script traces all nfsd server operations by client_ip address, operation, and complete file name (if possible).network�)a S+)�AKeep track of NFS server statisticsnfsd-recent.stpnfs statisticsThis script tracks all nfsd server operations by client_ip address, and periodically lists those clients that have made recent requests. It's a way of finding out which nfs clients might be considered still connected.network�*` y!+�%Periodic Listing of Processes Using Network Interfacesnettop.stpnetwork trafficEvery five seconds the nettop.stp script prints out a list of processed (PID and command) with the number of packets sent/received and the amount of data sent/received by the process during that interval.network � � sW �j walk� s�6 tch� hen�( re� ther�_ ith�k you � y r� �] �> gnuplot raphing s uru hardware s ve ello world istogram F 7 rical ow ttps i fh mmediately plemented n6 ! ) ) . & ( formation 1 + strumentation'D tel ractive o ) verse ocation kedC o s + suesk t* keep rnel7 y board strokes language eroy ibguestfs startup rary mits ne M sted oaded g make s ( / rkers ximum 1 & echanisms mory ssage icrosecond s 4 ) ght lliseconds G ' nimum . # ode ified " ule8( nitor ing s re * ultiple �]& �> pageR * s Q ir ^ ! s^< rentY dflushS erT, formanceR iodV ic` faultsU id U% ositive]) rintedQ( sT obeV lemsR! cW ess,Q+ ( " ed` sV/ fs[ gramT9 tocol] s] videT% d[ queue[ read T 3 ceive\ d` laimR mationR' fusesW gionsQA moteX portS questW edV unV ningQ3 ! sR # criptTQ econds Z en^7 nt^ rvicingU! hould]2 wY ing^ impleU ngleTB zeV labV ubV ocketY meQ urce ^" paceV ecified] tatY istics V � � � �z0 503 a� nd�/ by� count�% each� ! xits�! guest� input� o� s� t�" kvm� machines� number� ! of � n� peration� r� utput� port� rints�# qemu � read�. script� pace� tp � tallies� y� he � imes� ! ouched� user� virtual� ization � when� ritten�0 ( ( �UO �. number�3 occupying� rred�6 f$�% = > ' " 4 lder�? @ = n.� ! O O N J ce�< ly � perations� tion�(> r � R S O & ut � A / / put�6 7 4 verwritten�B C @ particular� ssed� th�, er� centage�! l�@ f4 � hp�A id� olling � revious� int�% s� . ocess/� "" #" " !5 es� C fs�% & # file � ingE� metheus$�' ( % perly�` a ] vide � y� thon� B rather�0 ead� able�( ) & ppearing�T U Q cords�* ursive�i � �� Q'+�'Trace Time Spent in wait4 Syscallswait4time.stpsyscall processThe script watches each wait4 syscall on the system. At the end of each wait4 syscall the script prints out a line with a timestamp in microseconds, the pid, the executable name in parentheses, the "wait4:" key, the duration of the wait and the PID that the wait4 was waiting for. If the waited for PID is not specified , it is "-1".process�[� ]-#� Override default new-pthread stack sizesthreadstacks.stpthread guruOverrides default NPTL pthread_create stack size for all new threads created by target processes. Reports one line per process when the related glibc variable __default_stacksize is updated. Moot for glibc versions that support $LIBC_PTHREAD_DEFAULT_STACKSIZE_NP.process ) ) �T= �, 1�? 00�d 20�# 50�& 30�2 aU� $ " ,"! ; ( * bout � U ccess� tive�[ ity� ually�4 dd �7 , resses� ll$� . { < 7 # ong� n�L alyzing� dJ� , ! 6 &O ! y�6 + pplication�M re� gument � I s� ssociated� umed� t� vailable� erage�, backtraces� sed � e � ` 8 3 st� tween�P yond� ranches� usiness� y � % 0 c�O ache� ll � ed�" v ' s� n� � J C pabilies� ) tes�) ies� lities� tegorizes� used �D D s�$ ertain�$ heck � O O �.! �` sensitiveHA \ + tB tK hareJ dJ owC ing B s A ignalB sB ificantI ngleI ze H$ ; d I lowA erA mallN ome K rtedN( paceP endsH t HX u lit K tingK tack N p G rtingM tistics G < pTA 1 : ufferedA/ mmarize D y D ymM bolM ncA hronousA scall C bypidE sC tem A+ sA" tapI. 7 tN7 akeI lly HF a erminatedP& hanA ( ? tA K "F . egB + - / ) irA) nJ/ seA& � �� � �(w S%7�7System-Wide Shared Futex Contentionfutexes2.stpsyscall locking futexThe script watches just shared futex syscalls on the system. On exit the futex's key, the number of contentions, and the average time for each contention on the futex are printed from lowest pid number to highest.process�v E#7�-System-Wide Futex Contentionfutexes.stpsyscall locking futexThe script watches the futex syscall on the system. On exit the futex's address, the number of contentions, and the average time for each contention on the futex are printed from lowest pid number to highest.process�u C+/�#Trace Creation of Processesforktracker.stpprocess schedulerThe forktracker.stp script prints out a time-stamped entry showing each fork and exec operation on the machine. This can be useful to determine what process is creating a flurry of short-lived processes.process � "b� �QG _-)�Overview glibc malloc internal operationsglibc-malloc.stpmemory processThis script reports on internal statistics of the glibc malloc implementation, as used by a process restricted by stap -x/-cmemory�=F M'!�}Count Page Cache Hits and Missescachestat.stpmemory bpfMonitors hits and misses to the page cache and reports a count every 5 seconds. Based on a bpftrace tool by David Valin.memory�[E s3�Count syscalls with process details (non-debuginfo)syscallbypid-nd.stpioThis traces syscalls system-wide, and produces a summary report showing their counts by process ID, process name, and syscall types.lwtools � � �q Q)W�'Interactive Count Specified Eventseventcount.stpinteractive statistics thread processThe script periodically prints a count of specified events and their related tid's over the course of execution. Numerous configuration options exist to control filtering / reporting, some of which can be modified at runtime. See the script source for more information.general�p �-/�Monitor Intel processors for throttling due to power or thermal limitscpu_throttle.stpprometheus limitsIntel processors have hardware mechanisms that will reduce the effective processors speed to avoid exceeding set thermal or power constraints. The cpu_throttle.stp script monitors when CPU throttling occurs and accumulates the amount of time in milliseconds that each processor is throttled. The script makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable format.general F a�#� � F ��0 K/'�1cve-2015-3456 security band-aidcve-2015-3456.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��/ K/'�1cve-2015-0235 security band-aidcve-2015-0235.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��. K/'�1cve-2014-7169 security band-aidcve-2014-7169.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��- K/'�1cve-2013-2094 security band-aidcve-2013-2094.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��, K/'�1cve-2012-0056 security band-aidcve-2012-0056.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��+ K/'�1cve-2008-0600 security band-aidcve-2008-0600.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids �]A �> perf � ormance� iod �% ic� f2 � 3 � id� X rint �( ed�* ing � Q s� obe� s�W cess(� es� duce �@ ; file� inga� vide�AJ s� K ing� thread�# ratios� easons�0 cent� ursive� fs� lated� port� s� stricted�F turn� un�) U ning�K samples� ing � criptW� % # =? ' 6 econds�3 O ts � ting� hell� ould�~ w� ing� ize� s� kipped�V leeping� j <j �Oy c# �Track the Migration of Specific Executablesmigrate.stpschedulerThe migrate.stp script takes an argument which is the executable name of the task it should monitor. Each time a task with that executable name migrates between processors an entry is printed with the process id (pid), the executable name, the processor off loading the task, and the process taking the task. Note that the task may or may not be executing at the time of the migration.process�Ax 5!�'uprobes-based ltraceltrace.stpprocessThe ltrace.stp script lists calls that the designated process makes through PLTs (procedure linkage tables), generally into shared libraries.process l V� l �v s#;�1Periodically Print Process Information With Historyproctop.stpprocess scheduler _bestEvery 5 seconds, print out a list of 25 processes that took the most system time with information about the processes. Includes information on processes that may have exited while the script was running. The script contains configuration options listed in the script source.process�n~ �3W�cMonitor process creation/termination and module [un]loadingprocmod_watcher.stpprocess monitoring syscall tracepointThe procmod_watcher.stp script monitors calls to fork(), exec(), exit(), init_module(), and delete_module(). Event-specific details are also printed out (e.g. for exec(), the file being exec'ed). This script does not require debuginfo.process�'} M!�[Print Resource Limits of Processplimit.stpprocessThe script prints a variety of resource limits for a given pid, like /proc/$$/limits on recent kernels.process � � �a5 �F each � mulates� nd� tire� very� xaminatio � � u �n whythefail ill0 th%F " in 9 7 rite, your �^ �@ the� ! b ! ! �\ �< numberHH c observedN ccurring I+ 4 f4A ; K @ n$F & ' e A, ly K 1 penC edC snoopC rationI H s G ) 2 rH9 I ? iginalH utN' putN+ verviewG page,F )" " % s#H = 7C ! thsN erformanceI lN ortionsK ssiblyO rintN0 edP* sL & ocess+B D h - esH ducesE ingD gramH4 O sHB ] , videsA+ ranPA ead A sA centO duceJ gionsPP lativelyK% portE sF stricted G oot L ! un L ningP5 sN wtimeD sPH ameJ cript8G D 2 _ ; ! econdsF j �j �t> y/�EMeasure block I/O latency distribution (non-debuginfo)biolatency-nd.stpioThis measures block I/O latency (storage I/O, ie, disk I/O), and shows the distribution as a histogram. This can be useful to identify the characteristics of I/O latency, beyond the averages shown by iostat(1). For example, to study I/O latency outliers, or multi-modal distributions.lwtools� = � 3)�gShow socket lifespan, from accept() to close() (non-debuginfo)accept2close-nd.stpnetwork socketThis traces socket duration from the accept() syscall to close(), and provides details on the lifespan of these passive connections, showing the distribution as a histogram.lwtools $ a�#� q $ J�= ! I eater gameeater.stpstapgameswalk through a maze, eat stuffstapgames� �< 1 �9 block breaker gameblock.stpstapgamesA block game where you progressively break the ceiling blocks until clearing the levelstapgames� �; +�5 20482048.stp_best stapgamesThe modern classic 2048 sliding-tiles game, using local keyboard and ansi animation.stapgames��: K/'�1cve-2021-4155 security band-aidcve-2021-4155.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��9 K/'�1cve-2021-4034 security band-aidcve-2021-4034.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��8 K/'�1cve-2011-4127 security band-aidcve-2011-4127.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids��7 K/'�1cve-2018-6485 security band-aidcve-2018-6485.stpsecurity guruhistorical emergency security band-aid, for reference/education onlysecurity-band-aids p �p �T�! I?� Profile Kernel/User Backtracespf4.stp_best profiling backtraceThe pf4.stp script sets up time-based sampling. Every five seconds it prints out a sorted list with the top twenty kernel and/or user stack backtraces (on a per-cpu basis). Use any of --ldd, --all-modules, -d MODULE, -d /PATH/TO/EXEC to add more symbolic info.profiling�4� G �y Profile Kernel/User Functionspf3.stpprofilingThe pf3.stp script sets up time-based sampling. Every five seconds it prints out a sorted list with the top twenty kernel and/or user functions with samples. Use any of --ldd, --all-modules, -d MODULE, -d /PATH/TO/EXEC to add more symbolic info.profiling v � � v �y� k!�aTrack a Particular Signal to a Specific Processsigmon.stpsignalsThe script watches for a particular signal sent to a specific process. When that signal is sent to the specified process, the script prints out the PID and executable of the process sending the signal, the PID and executable name of the process receiving the signal, and the signal number and name.process�� 7#�ITrack SIGKILL Signalssigkill.stpsignalsThe script traces any SIGKILL signals. When that SIGKILL signal is sent to a process, the script prints out the signal name, the destination executable and process ID, the executable name and user ID that sents the signal.processz� I+} Signal Counts by Process Namesig_by_proc.stpsignalsPrint signal counts by process name in descending order.processu� E)y Signal Counts by Process IDsig_by_pid.stpsignalsPrint signal counts by process ID in descending order.process # # �Z, �8 pidf 0 ortj# sn ssibleb reviousg% inte) edf ingp s(f % obesp cess f esf tocoli receivedn nta latedo motem vedc ingc questj1 sa iringp spectivelyg9 transmission l oomf( ti un c sa ' cript<a sm endf ingp tp rvera " imilarf plep ularo kf ocket g s h top h$ rtedo" urce n pacef tampf rtf tisticsa illa$ opf pedk/ pja reamf ingse ummarizeh ystemh | �[t C%+�9Tabulate System Call Errorserrsnoop.stpprocess syscallPrints a periodic tabular report about failing system calls, by process and by syscall failure. The first optional argument specifies the reporting interval (in seconds, default 5); the second optional argument gives a screen height (number of lines in the report, default 20).process�s �+o�yTrack IRQ's and Other Processes Stealing Cycles from a Taskcycle_thief.stp_best process scheduler time tracepoint interruptThe cycle_thief.stp script instruments the scheduler and IRQ handler to determine which processes and interrupts are competing with the specified task for the cpu cycles. This script uses the '-c' or '-x' options to focus on a specific task. The script output the number of times the task migrates between processors, histograms showing the length of time on and off processor, lists of processes running while the task is off the processor, and the interrupts that occurred while the task was running.process � � �RJ � ;�GSummarize the time each process spends doing copy on write for huge pageshugepage_cow_delays.stpmemoryThe system may attempt to reduce memory use by having two or more difference processes share the same writeable page in memory. However, when one of the processes write to shared page that is marked copy on write (COW) the page must be duplicated and then modified. On x86_64 machines the huge pages are 2MB in size, 512 times larger than a normal 4KB page. Thus, copy on write operation on a huge page can delay program execution by a hundred or more microseconds and maybe noticeable to latency sensitive programs. This script will tally the number of times that each process triggers a huge page copy on write, the total time in microseconds spent copying the pages, and the average time in microseconds of the huge page copy.memory & & �W$ �2 dropped] ing] s] watchZ ueR$ ring`# eachQ* lapsedU? ncountered ^! " tireY very Z xaminedUH ecutionV it^ s T 9 periencingS3 failedW ult U sQ N ile Q % systemsX ve Z orQ 9 mS at [ reedZ omS+ 0 generateU sU idY venY oodT; reatest^1 uru] hasT: elpsV$ idleS/ f] n-Q 0 cludes_ oming] dicates]/ formation V teger]* rfaces` val`% oS5 pY s^ v4 ^ s%Q# 3 . tR " # json[ kernelV' sQ yX journaldS updateS leaksQ< st^3 imitedT? V�� �] ]A+�Callgraph Tracing with Verbose Argumentspara-callgraph-verbose.stptrace callgraphPrint a timed per-thread microsecond-timed callgraph, complete with pretty-printed function parameters and return values. The first parameter names the function probe points to trace. The optional second parameter names the probe points for trigger functions, which acts to enable tracing for only those functions that occur while the current thread is nested within the trigger.general� M3!�Measure intervals between eventsmeasureinterval.stpmonitoringThe measureinteval.stp script allows quick creation of instrumentation to mea )�= /##�Hack the keyboardkeyhack.stpsimple guruThis script makes it appear that one's keyboard is broken, by changing keycodes at the kernel device driver level. Annoy your friends!general�' 5�{make keyboard noiseskey.stpsimpleFor fans of Leroy Anderson and Typewriters only, this script arranges to play a click or a zing for various keystrokes.general ! ! �\N �< goldshtein� uru � happening�) elp� istorical � tml� tp� s� if �- U n �L & $ > clude�F dicate� d�" fo�3 rmation� 0+ vocations� ked�: ovisor� s � 5 t� 2 - s�. / , java�? kernel � % latency� X r�S T P dd�& ead�H I F st� ib� mitations�< = : ne�M st � s� vejournal� ower�W X T machines�k l h kes� ! ster� ybe�A B ? entioning� thod�8 odeled� ule�* s�( nitors �$ re�1 st� name� a b ^ eed� wer�D E B o�. t�_ ` \ f e�Z [ W ` �]L �> 0056� 235� 600� 19041� 2008� 12� 3� 4� 5 � 94� 32�d e a 456� 5� 64�i j f 7169� a0� +- ,- ), ) bout�1 ccumulates� ion� tion�5 ve�K L I ity� dd�0 fter� gain�M id%� s � ll �' 4 so�Y Z V nd1� $% Q R N $ ) D y�$ pplications�f g c re�0 gument� s� ( s � vailable�# $ ! oid�8 9 6 backtrace� s� nd7� sed� is�" cc� e� / # $ ! cause�3 ing �2 st � it�e f b lob� g� pf� 5 � 5 �?1 i �Periodically Print IO Activity by Process Nameiotop.stpioEvery five seconds print out the top ten executables generating I/O traffic during that interval sorted in descending order.io�0 g!?�eTrace Time Spent in Read and Write for Files iotime.stpprofiling syscall io fileThe script watches each open, close, read, and write syscalls on the system. For each file the scripts observes opened it accumulates the amount of wall clock time spent in read and write operations and the number of bytes read and written. When a file is closed the script prints out a pair of lines for the file. Both lines begin with a timestamp in microseconds, the PID number, and the executable name in parentheses. The first line with the "access" keyword lists the file name, the attempted number of bytes for the read and write operations. The second line with the "iotime" keyword list the file name and the number of microseconds accumulated in the read and write syscalls.io . . �O' �" stpoQ4 uchX mmarizeT y ^ pposedlyS. ysW tem Q 0 taskY cp] erminatedQ$ hat Q, 0 $ eQ isT1 D imeU@ " stampU o8Q @ I % " 2 ol] talT $ % raceX pointZ sQ s\ kQ s T ffic\ nsmit [ ypeU0 udp] idY nexpectedS4 mappingQ ountingX til]5 sefulQ9 $ 4 r V 7 space[ sQ ing` valid] ue], ia[ rtualQ m V � � �3�# {9W�m Provide a per-process syscall error tally on the systemsyscallerrorsbypid.stpprometheus process syscall tracepointThe syscallerrorsbypid.stp script tallies syscall errors for each running process. This information can be useful to whether there are excessive errors for various processes on the system. The script makes the information available via procfs in Prometheus readable format. When a process exits its data will be eliminated from the prometheus output. To avoid exceeding the storage limitations of SystemTap older entries maybe overwritten by newer entries. This can lead to some active process syscall error counts disappearing and/or later reappearing with a lower value. Also note that the script does not properly name syscalls for 32-bit applications running on 64-bit machines.profiling # # �Z0 �8 intox vokez rqs sr H tq justw kernel q = s} yw largez! ddz engths: ibauditq rariesx ke} mits} nest' kagex st { ed) s sA vedu# oadingy. ckingv gq west v" # trace x machineu kesx yy; igratey s s4 ionyF odule~ nitorr ing q s~ st z utex z esz namer sz nnnz optrace{ t y> % ey7 wr1 umbers/ % occurredsP fHq 6 0 & ! 8 f s? - n)r ( ' pen| rationu sz tionalt s s$ ( rs" < thers utr' puts- verflowz& � � �. I+/�#IO Statistics for SCSI Devicesiostat-scsi.stpio profiling scsiThe iostat-scsi.stp script provides a breakdown of the number of blks read and written on the machine's various SCSI devices. The script takes one argument which is the number of seconds between reports.io�x- �)%�;List Executables Reading and Writing the Most Data by Deviceiodevstats.stpio profiling The iodevstats.stp script measures the amount of data successfully read and written by all the executables for each io device on the system. The output is sorted from greatest sum of bytes read and written to a device by an executable to the least. The output contains device major/minor number, the count of operations (reads and writes), the totals and averages for the number of bytes read and written.io K QK �q c#G�OGenerate backtraces for kernel audit eventsauditbt.stpmonitoring security backtraceAttaches to the kernel audit-log paths (also used by libaudit), and log every record being sent, along with a user-space backtrace of the process that caused it.process�,p � +E�qTrace threads sending network traffic to given host and/or portwho_sent_it.stpnetwork trace traffic simpleThis script traces outgoing network packets using the netfilter probes (not requiring debuginfo), printing the source thread name/id and destination host:port. It may be filtered with the_dport and the_daddr globals, e.g., to watch only for DNS traffic (port 53), and/or only to the localhost (127.0.0.1).network � � �BP y)�aTrack Virtual Memory System Actions on Anonymous Pagesmmanonpage.stpmemoryThe mmanonpage.stp script uses the virtual memory tracepoints available in some kernels to track the number of faults, user space frees, page ins, copy on writes and unmaps for anonymous pages. When the script is terminated the counts are printed for each process that allocated pages while the script was running. This script displays the anonymous page statistics for each process that ran while the script is active. It's useful in debugging leaks in the anonymous regions of a process.memory day* iven , roup� ing� uru hack eader isth ogramg ow S identical1 f� ( llustrates mplemented n ' # " cludes formation < put* strumentation teractive val z s 0U o� s8 V 7 5 0 & , . t kernel / yboard ) codes hack level ife ke ne stedA sp ocations ! gi main kes rkings tch < ing� eans: sure l d2 interval val ments� chanism mory icrosecond s ( $ lliseconds # seconds$ odule 0 0 � Q �M8 � thej� ) is� + read � s� ime � d� stamp� o9� / # tal�) race� point � s� s� k� y� up� sed�/ ful � " r�" ing � R various� ia� wait� ing � keup� tch� es � hat�% en� / ich � ide� th�0 out � oken� x �4 v 4Kn v �u* Y+�uMonitoring Attribute Changes to a Fileinodewatch2.stpio The inodewatch2.stp script outputs the executable name, process id, and attributes each time the attributes are changed on the specified inode on the specified major/minor device.io�Z) W)�CMonitoring Reads and Writes to a Fileinodewatch.stpio The inodewatch.stp outputs the executable name and process id each time a read or write occurs to the specified inode on the specified major/minor device.io�f( Y!+�GReport an disk out-of-space condition.enospc.stpdisk filesystemThis script monitors a filesystem implementations for early internal indications of ENOSPC, and reports these to the system logger and the systemtap console.io�I' '')�;disable fsynceatmydata.stpio guru simpleSuppresses fsync() syscalls from processes identified by stap -c/-x by turning them into presumed-faster fsync() on some dummy or other file descriptorio � r � � @ �A-'�;Measure the distribution of file system synchronous read and write latency (non-debuginfo)fslatency-nd.stpio filesystemThis dynamically traces two common file system functions: do_sync_read() and do_sync_write(), and reports a histogram distribution of latency. Many, but not all, file systems and workloads use these functions. Tracing their time provides one view of suffered file system latency.lwtools� ? �-�QTrace process exec() with command line argument details (non-debuginfo)execsnoop-nd.stpioThis can identify if CPU is consumed by short-lived processes, by tracing new process execution. It works by tracing exec() from the fork()->exec() sequence, which means it will not catch new processes that only fork(). It will also show every exec(), including those if a process re-execs.lwtools � �� �] A!7�7Print the Size of a C Typesizeof.stpstatistics memory bpfThis script prints the size of a type, based on dwarf debuginfo for any kernel or userspace module, or trial-compilation of a given header file name.general�@ Q/5�aSystemTap "Floating Point" Programfloatingpoint.stpsimple floatingpointA basic "Floating Point" program implemented in SystemTap script. It extracts floating point from benchmark-sdt section in main.cxx and takes one pseudo floating point, printing out results of various simple floating point operations.general ! ! �\% �< limits W ne U st ^ ing` sZ ocalityT< tionsZ g U > majorU 0 nually]8 ppedQ? ingQ emoryLQ $ icrosecondsU norU0 ssesT mfilepage Q4 reclaimR writebackS ountingX nameY et[ dev\ filter] top` workVX fsX odeT- sT uma TE ber"Q objectV ccur R# redR ingUP sU fHQ1 ) & n&Q , D perations Q rU4 dered^/ ut T goingY put_ verV commit W wingV+ packet [ s ] ! ) ) �T+ �, largere$ stg; tencyk engthe imite- nee8 $ uxg sth sa $ ocalm hostp3 okupsd maci dea xstringlene y e emoryf icrosecondsg" ghta! nameb - sb etg filterp stato worka wj fs a ! da topd ot e of7a $ ( nc ' ly o! ( perationb s a tion e9 # sh rc / dere' iginatorj. ut a goingp verridek packete se% rametersm ticularh ssinge2 eriodically a 8 8 �c�* �%!/�a Profile method invocations in Java, Perl, Php, Python, Ruby, and Tcl scriptsucalls.stpprofiling syscallThe ucalls.stp script is modeled after the BCC ucalls script (https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/tools/lib/ucalls.py) by Sasha Goldshtein. The ucalls.stp script monitors the process indicated by the -x or -c option. When the scripts exits it prints out information about the number of times that each method is invoked for code written in Java, Perl, Php, Python, Ruby, and Tcl. Include the word "syscalls" on the command line to count syscalls invoked by the process. If you want latency information, include "latency" on the command line. Note that the latency option does not work for recursive functionsprofiling�]�) [! �1 Show Processes Doing Polling Operationstopsys.stpprofiling The topsys.stp script lists out the top twenty systemcalls for the previous 5 seconds. The output is sorted from most frequent to least frequent.profiling � � �` �D device$" s. eeks% ifferent% sable' fG - " $ n # e ly pen! tionN s r g ut< , ! ver parameter singO ss 0 es( er iodically hp iped lay oints wer revent ious% int ; s( + obe cess or * s fs - 4 gram metheus/ 6 vide ran ead# able 0 7 duce lated porting quiredH s, sultinga un time $ s criptQ ! # & econd e % t hared ow ingG 8 s ` � � ` � � [++{Watch semop(2)/semtimedop(2) operationssemop-watch.stpprocess lockingPrints a timed trace of semop(2)/semtimedop(2) syscallsprocess�a� � )O�UTrack Time Processes Spend in Various States Using Tracepointsschedtimes.stpprocess scheduler time tracepointThe schedtimes.stp script instruments the scheduler to track the amount of time that each process spends in running, sleeping, queuing, and waiting for io. On exit the script prints out the accumulated time for each state of processes observed. Optionally, this script can be used with the '-c' or '-x' options to focus on a specific PID and its children.process�)� Y/O�track wakeup-to-dispatch latency statssched-latency.stpprocess scheduler time tracepointThis script periodically reports a histogram of the latency between a task (thread) being woken up and it actually being dispatched to a CPU: the amount of time it's spent in the runnable queue.process � 9 � �> s �iReport opened files whose names match a given regexregex.stpregexUses the regex functionality to detect opened files whose names match a pattern given on the command line. If no command line parameter is given, demonstrate by filtering for files that end with an extension showing them to be an archive.general�D M17�iCallgraph Tracing with Argumentspara-callgraph.stp_best trace callgraphPrint a timed per-thread microsecond-timed callgraph, complete with function parameters and return values. The first parameter names the function probe points to trace. The optional second parameter names the probe points for trigger functions, which acts to enable tracing for only those functions that occur while the current thread is nested within the trigger.general
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